Suicide Stigma
The stigma behind suicide can sometimes prevent individuals with mental health problems getting the help they need. Understanding suicide stigma is the first step in ending it.
What is the stigma behind suicide?
- Stigma: "A mark that denotes a shameful quality in the individual so marked" or a quality that is considered to be shameful in a certain individual
- Social Stigma: "Prejudicial attitudes and discriminating behavior directed towards individuals with mental health problems as a result of the psychiatric label they have been given"
- Perceived stigma/self stigma: "Internalizing by the mental health sufferer of their perceptions of discrimination"
Source: Psychology Today
Myths
The stigma surrounding suicide can perpetuate problematic myths around suicide and individuals who commit suicide:
- Asking someone about suicide may plant the idea in their minds.
- People who experience thoughts of suicide are fully intent on dying.
- Everyone who dies by suicide is depressed.
- A sudden improvement in emotional state after a suicide attempt or a depressive period indicates the suicide risk is over.
- Suicide is selfish or immoral.
What Current Factors Contribute to Stigma?
Family members' relationship to person may affect the extent to which the patient stigma is transferred to family members. In extreme cases, family members may begin to stigmatize the person and behave in a way that leads the patient to believe suicide is the solution for the situation. A study also found that adolescents with mental health problems found stigma directed at them coming from family members. 46% of them described stigmatization in terms of unwanted assumptions.
Teachers
In the same study mentioned above, 35% of adolescents reported stigma by teachers. These teachers would show "fear, dislike, avoidance, and underestimation of abilities" towards these students.
Peers
In the same study mentioned above, 62% of adolescents experienced stigmatization from their peers. This stigmatization leads to friendship losses and social rejection.
Media
The popular press has been criticized for perpetuating stereotypes, especially via film and social media.
Film, television, and music portrayals of suicide perpetuate and glorify stereotypes that may lead to imitation acts. In social media sites such as Tumblr, the exhibition of self-harm, suicide, depression, and self-loathing are placed under the pretext of something that is "beautiful, romantic, or deep."
This glorification of self-pity could lead to the drowning out of stories of those who are clinically depressed versus those who are not. While social media does allow for awareness on the topic and self-identification, misinformation about the mental disorders are prevalent, leading for mental illness diagnoses, such as depression, for normal everyday things.
The stigma does not promote a healthy recovery:
In a study published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, 83% of participants felt conscious of the stigma associated with mental illness and had difficulty seeking help. Only 54% of participants had discussed their suicidal thoughts with their family, peers, and/or spouses.
The stigma negatively affects treatment outcomes:
The "perceived stigma can affect feelings of shame and can lead to poorer treatment outcomes" (Psychology Today).
The stigma negatively affects the perception of self and others:
Those with depression and schizophrenia were viewed as unpredictable and dangerous, and those people would be less likely to be employed.
Participate in a campaign that challenges the stigma:
Engage in discussions and events with individuals both with and without mental health challenges. These interactions aim to improve attitudes, increase willingness to offer help, and promote anti-stigma behaviors.
Guidelines:
- Accept differences.
- Enable people to believe their own experiences, and not rely on stereotypes.
- Medicalizing suicide may be partly useful, but the issue needs to extend beyond disease models.
- Start from what people know, not what you think they know.
Be Aware of the Warning Signs
The longer the signs last, the more serious they are, and the more they interfere with daily life, the greater chance that professional treatment is needed. Here are some signs to watch for:
- Talking about wanting to die or kill oneself.
- Looking for a way to kill oneself (ex: buying a gun).
- Talking about feeling hopeless or having no reason to live.
- Talking about feeling trapped or in unbearable pain.
- Talking about being a burden to others.
- Increasing use of alcohol/drugs.
- Acting anxious/agitated; behaving recklessly.
- Sleeping too little or too much.
- Withdrawing or feeling isolated.
- Showing rage or talking about seeking revenge.
- Displaying extreme mood swings.
If the Person Needs Immediate Help
- Do not leave the person alone.
- Call Public Safety 206-296-5911 (24-hours/day) or 9-1-1 or the King County Crisis Connections at 206-461-3222 or 866-4CRISIS.
- The 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifelife is available nationally at 988 by phone or online chat at https://988lifeline.org/.
- See other resources at our Emergency and After Hours page.
- Remove any drugs, alcohol, firearms and sharp objects.
- Take the person to a medical/mental health professional.
- Never keep talk about suicide a secret.
If You Are Concerned, Ask the Question.
"It sounds like things are really rough right now, and I am concerned about you. Are you thinking about killing yourself?"
(or) "Have you ever thought about dying by suicide?"
(or) "Do have you have thoughts of suicide?"
Need Immediate Help
- Call Public Safety 206-296-5911 (24-hours/day) or 9-1-1 or the King County Crisis Connections at 206-461-3222 or 866-4CRISIS.
- The 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifelife is available nationally at 988 by phone or online chat at https://988lifeline.org/.
- See other resources at our Emergency and After Hours page.
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