Public Affairs
Use your Public Affairs major to pursue careers in government, nonprofits, advocacy, and policy as you work to create positive change in your community.
Local Government
- City management
- Financial administration
- Budget analysis
- General services
- Community affairs
- Social services
- Urban planning
Employers
- Counties
- Municipalities
- Townships
- School districts
- Special districts
Strategies
- Get involved in community organizations and events and develop a network of contacts.
- Employment opportunities in local government tend to follow population trends in terms of growth and decline in availability of positions. Be prepared to relocate to find the most opportunities.
- Gain relevant experience through internships and/or volunteer positions.
- Conduct applicable research that could be useful to your community.
- Research local government job application procedures and applicable public service exams.
State Government
- Executive Branch functions
- Finance and administration
- Human resource management
- Environmental management
- Public safety and criminal justice
- Risk management
- Emergency services management
- Commerce and insurance
- Purchasing and acquisitions
- Budget analysis
- Community services
- Social services
- Urban planning
- Legislature
- Judicial
Employers
- Departments of state government (varies by state)
- Legislative agencies:
- Legislative Reference Services, Bill Drafting Services, Legislative Councils, and Budgeting and Auditing staffs
- State Supreme Courts
- Personal staff of legislators
- Intermediate Appellate Courts
- Trial Courts of General Jurisdiction
- Trial Courts of Limited Jurisdiction
Strategies
- Research the organization of your state government.
- Develop specialized skills and interests for particular populations or issues, (e.g., disability, education, homelessness, etc).
- Develop strong research and writing skills.
- Make political contacts through local legislators of both houses. Use referrals and informational interviews to build a network.
- Volunteer to work on political campaigns.
- Consider pursuing a relevant graduate degree for more opportunities and advancement.
- Learn the state government employment procedures and utilize your campus career center for assistance with the application process.
- Research applicable public service exams.
Federal Government: Legislative Branch
- Legislative agencies
- Legislature administrative staff
- Washington-based
- Home district
- Committee
Employers
- Various agencies:
- General Accounting Office, Library of Congress, Government Printing Office, Congressional Budget Office
- Offices of senators and representatives
Strategies
- Research the structure of Congress and various opportunities available.
- Develop excellent research, writing, communication, and organizational skills.
- Build a strong personal network.
- Explore districts other than your own.
Federal Government: Judicial Branch
Employers
- Supreme Court
- U.S. Courts
- Federal Judiciary
- Supporting organizations
Strategies
- Research the structure and functions of the federal judiciary system.
- Some positions require a law degree and bar certification.
Federal Government: Executive Branch
- Office of the President
- Management and budget
- Administration
- Council of Economic Advisors
- U.S. Trade Representatives
- Executive departments
Employers
- Office of the President
- Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Justice, Labor
Strategies
- Research various agencies and departments to discover which ones may be the best fit for your major and experience.
- Conduct informational interviews with government employees.
- Apply for a government internship through the Pathways Program or other student programs to gain relevant experience.
- Learn federal job application procedures and how to write a strong resume. Use your campus career center for help with the application process.
Federal Government: Independent Agencies
- Finance and administration
- Budget analysis
- Purchasing
- Human resource management
- Environmental management
- Security and protection
- Enforcement and compliance
- Commerce and insurance
- Purchasing and acquisitions
- Program management
- Risk management
- Emergency services management
- Social services
- Legal
Employers
- Independent Agencies include the following (not an exhaustive list):
- Coordination and Public Safety
- Emergency Response Policy
- Environmental Protection Agency
- Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
- Federal Emergency Management Agency
- General Services Administration
- National Archives & Records Administration
- Nuclear Regulatory Commission
- Office of Personnel Management
- Securities & Exchange Commission
- Tennessee Valley Authority
- U.S. Information Agency
- U.S. International Development Cooperation
Strategies
- There are a large number of niche areas and specialized agencies within the federal
government. Do extensive research in order to find the area that best matches your skills and interests. - Take courses or minor in applicable interest area(s).
- Maintain a high grade point average to qualify for government employment.
- Apply for a government internship through the Pathways Program or other student programs to gain relevant experience.
- Research applicable public service exams and hiring procedures.
- Earn a graduate degree to be more competitive for positions.
Political Support/Lobbying
- Elected or appointed leadership
- Campaign management
- Staff administration
- Special interest advocacy
- Political advising
- Lobbying
- Party administration
Employers
- Political Action Committees (PAC)
- Industrial, educational, and public interest groups
- Political parties
- Campaigns: national, state, or local
- Lobbying organizations
- Large business firms
Strategies
- Get involved with a political party/group and develop a personal network. The ability to develop networks, coalitions, and alliances with other associations is highly valued.
- Volunteer to work on political campaigns.
- Gain experience with government agencies or departments to help build relationships. Develop excellent public relations, interpersonal, and communication skills.
- Learn how to persuade and negotiate. Participate on a debate team.
- Volunteer in organizations with similar interests and goals.
Nonprofit
- Administration
- Management
- Public relations
- Fund raising/Development
- Policy analysis
- Research
- Grant writing
- Direct service
Employers
- Local and national nonprofit agencies
- Foundations
- Charitable organizations
- Trade or professional associations
- Special interest groups
- Labor unions
- Libraries
- Museums
- Historic sites/historical societies
- Research organizations and think tanks
- Educational institutions
Strategies
- Gain experience through volunteering or completing an internship.
- Supplement curriculum with courses in business, psychology, sociology, or social work.
- Obtain leadership roles in relevant campus and community organizations.
- Develop strong communication and research skills.
- Learn how to write grants.
- Demonstrate knowledge and experience in a specialty area, (e.g., public health, environment, urban issues).
- Research organizations’ values to find a good fit with yours. It is critical that you are knowledgeable about and committed to the work you’re going to do.
- Investigate term of service or service corps positions as a way to gain entry into the field.
- Consider earning a graduate degree for more job opportunities and advancement.
Business
- Human resources
- Budget analysis
- Management
- Sales/Marketing
- Purchasing
- Management consulting
- Occupational safety coordination
- Public relations
Employers
- Product and service organizations
- Retail stores
- Hotels
- Restaurants
- Manufacturers
- Insurance companies
- Print and electronic media
- Consulting firms
- Other business corporations
- Association management firms
Strategies
- Develop strong analytical, communication, and technical skills.
Obtain related work experience in a business setting through internships and summer or part-time jobs. - Earn a minor in business.
- Hone computer skills and learn software packages such as databases, spreadsheets, and presentations.
- Get involved in student organizations and seek leadership roles.
- Become knowledgeable about corporate social responsibility.
International Affairs
- Governance
- Policy making and analysis
- Public sector reform
- Poverty-reduction strategy
- Ethics and anti-corruption
- Human rights
- Public law
- Organization and management development
- Resource development
- Public-private partnerships
- Media/Communication policy and practice
- Education
Employers
- Intergovernmental agencies, (e.g., World Bank, United Nations)
- National governments
- Non-profit agencies
- Policy and research organizations
- Private businesses
- Contracting and consulting firms
Strategies
- Obtain internships or volunteer in order to gain valuable experience in areas of interest.
- Participate in overseas mission trips or spend a Semester at Sea.
- Become familiar with national or international application procedures.
- Research the history and culture of countries or geographic areas of interest.
- Take steps towards obtaining work or study visas for various locations.
- Become proficient in at least one foreign language.
- Spend time studying or working abroad, especially working to make and maintain contacts in foreign countries.
- Earn a double major or minor in order to gain additional skills or knowledge needed for various positions (i.e., Africana studies, Asian studies, business, psychology, sociology, etc.).
- For higher level positions an advanced degree is necessary. Research different programs and the concentrations they offer in order to find the best fit for your interests.
Healthcare
- Health services administration:
- Operation
- Finance
- Program management
- Material management
- Human resources
- Medical staff relations
- Health services administration continued:
- Information technology
- Marketing
- Public relations
- Facilities
- Patient care
- Provider relations
- Government relations
- Health policy:
- Research
- Policy analysis
- Policy development
- Legislative work
- Lobbying
Employers
- Hospitals, health systems, and clinics
- Medical groups
- Hospices
- Home health agencies
- Long-term care facilities
- Mental health facilities
- Managed care organizations
- Health finance organizations
- Insurance companies
- Pharmaceutical companies
- Academic medical centers
- Federal government agencies
- State government agencies
- Public health departments
- Advocacy groups
- Health foundations
- Nongovernmental agencies, (e.g., Red Cross)
- Professional associations, (e.g., American Medical Association)
Strategies
- Supplement your curriculum with business courses.
- Gain experience through internships or jobs in a healthcare setting.
- Develop strong communication and technology skills. Learn how to use database and spread-sheet software.
- Get involved in student government or campus organizations related to health issues.
- Learn to work well on teams and develop strong leadership skills.
- Join related professional organizations and build a network of contacts.
- Stay abreast of news in the healthcare industry.
- Earn a master’s degree in public health, health administration, public administration, business, or a related field.
- To prepare for positions in lobbying and legislation, some will earn a law degree.
Law
- Prosecution
- Defense
- Contractual
- Corporate
- Nonprofit or public interest
- Government
- Mediation
- Other specialties
- Law assistance
Employers
- Law firms
- Federal, state, and local government
- Private practice
- Corporations
- Special interest groups
- Universities and colleges
- State government agencies
- Nonprofit and public interest organizations, (e.g., ACLU, NAACP Legal Defense Fund, Legal)
Services Corporation - Legal clinics
- Other private legal services
Strategies
- Develop strong research skills and attention to detail.
- Participate in debate or forensic team to hone communication skills.
- Choose courses or a minor to specialize in a particular area of law, (e.g., a minor in business for a career in corporate law).
- Find part-time or summer work in a law firm.
- Shadow an attorney to learn more about the field and various specialties.
- Get involved in pre-law organizations.
- Plan to attend law school and earn a law degree. Maintain a high grade point average and secure strong faculty recommendations. Prepare for the LSAT (Law School Admission Test).
- Obtain specialized certification for paralegal positions.
General Information
- An undergraduate degree in Public Administration, with the appropriate experience, is sufficient for entry-level positions in government and business.
- A graduate degree in public administration, public health administration, or business administration helps prepare students for management and upper-level positions. Research programs in order to choose specializations or concentrations of interest.
- Consider law school for careers in upper-level politics, administration, or management. Explore joint J.D. and M.P.A. programs to see if they meet your career goals.
- Obtain a broad liberal arts background including written and verbal communication, research, and language skills.
- Part-time, summer, internship, and volunteer experiences are extremely helpful to find positions in government affairs, nonprofit organizations or public service areas.
- Develop strong leadership skills; run for office in clubs and organizations in school or community. Volunteer to organize or lead an event or project.
- Get involved in Student Government. Assist with campus, local, or national campaigns to gain experience and build relationships.
- Demonstrate interest/involvement in community affairs and events.
- Join related professional organizations such as the American Society of for Public Administration (ASPA).
- Build a strong personal network through informal contacts. Political connections are helpful for appointed positions. Most agencies respond to professional connections.
- Expect keen competition for federal positions. Prepare yourself with a strong academic background and good experience. Seek the classes and experiences that will best prepare you.
- Develop patience, persistence, and drive in obtaining government positions.
- Explore application to government internship programs specifically for college students, such as the Pathways Program at the federal level.
- Research websites that address various government job opportunities, pay structure, and hiring processes.
- Consider military experience and training or the Peace Corps as an entryway into government jobs and public service.
- Plan on following a flexible career path to higher positions. Many people begin on the clerical or entry level in order to gain experience and network.
Professional Associations
- American Political Science Association
- American Society for Public Administrators
- Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
- International Association for Political Science Students
Occupational Outlook
- Judges, Mediators, and Hearing Officers
- Lawyers
- Paralegals and Legal Assistants
- Teachers-Postsecondary
- Urban and Regional Planner
- Medical and Health Services Managers
- Social and Community Service Managers
- Training and Development Managers
Related Resources
- American Enterprising Institute for Public Policy Research
- FBI Employment
- Federal Jobs.Net
- Go Government
- Law School Admission Council
- Law Students Center
- National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration
- Nonprofit Careers at Idealist
- Preparing for Law School
- PublicServiceCareers.org
- U.S. Department of State
- United States Senate Employment